Kuki ubutaka bupimwa?
Kumenya ibigize ubutaka bwawe ndetse ni’ingano ya pH ni intambwe y’ingenzi mu gukora ubuhinzi bubyara umusaruro. Ibihingwa bihingwa ku butaka butandukanye, kandi bikenera intungagihingwa zitandukanye bitewe n’imiterere y’ubutaka. Gukoresha intungagihingwa nyinshi cyane bishobora guteza ukudahuza kwazo mu butaka, bityo bikagira ingaruka ku bidukikije, kwanduza amazi, byongera kandi ikiguzi cyo guhinga kandi bikangiza n’ibinyabuzima byo mu butaka.

Kuki Umuhinzi agomba gupimisha ubusharire (pH ) bw’ubutaka bwe?
pH y’ubutaka ni igipimo kigaragaza uko ubutaka busharira cyangwa bufite ubukare (alkaline) bubarirwa hagati y’igipimo cya 0 kugeza kuri 14. Zeru igaragaza ubusharire bukabije cyane naho 14 ikagaragaza ubukare bukabije cyane mu gihe 7 igaragazaigaragarza ikigero kiri hagati na hagati. Ubutaka bwiza bwo guhingamo bugomba kugira pH iri hagati ya 5.5 na 7.5.  Iyo pH itari muri uru rugero, bigira ingaruka ku ntungagihingwa ziboneka mu butaka zitunga n’ibihingwa. Iyo ubutaka busharira hakoreshwa ishwagara na travertine (bigomba kubanza gupimwa mbere yo gukoreshwa), mu gihe ubutaka bufite ubukare bukenera ibikomoka ku Sulphur.

Guhindura pH ir mu butaka bishobora gufata imyaka mike, ariko ni ingenzi kubikora buhoro buhoro bifasha ibihingwa gukurura intungagihingwa kandi bigakura neza. Ibisubizo by’isesengura ry’ubutaka bitanga ishusho nyayo y’uko ubutaka bumeze, bikanafasha mu kumenya uburyo ubutaka bwitabwaho, haba mu guhindura pH cyangwa mu gukemura ikibazo cy’ibura ry’intunggihingwa mu butaka, bifasha kumenya uko umuhinzi afumbira ubutaka bwe bityo akongera umusaruro w’ubuhinzi.

 Inyungu zo gupimisha ubutaka
Bifasha umuhinz kumenya uko ubutaka bwe buhagaze n’uko yabugundura
Uburumbuke bw’ubutaka bushingira ku miterere yabwo y’utunyabuzima tububamo, imiti yabukoreshejwe ho (chemical) n’imiterere yabwo. Imiterere y’ubutaka, ubwoko bwabwo n’ibara ryabwo bigaragara mu maso, ariko imiterere y’imiti igize ubutaka ntibyoroshye kuyibona. Ni yo mpamvu hakenerwa gusuzuma ubutaka, kubupima bikorwa hafatwa ubutaka ubutaka buke bwo kujyana muri laboratwari.

Gupimisha ubutaka bifasha kumenya urugero rw’intungungagihingwa n’ingano ya pH biboneka mu butaka. Binyuze mu iyamamazabuhinzi, umuhinzi ashobora kumenya ingano n’ubwoko nyabwo bw’ifumbire akeneye kugira ngo ategure umurima we. Ibi ni ingenzi kuko ubutaka bufite intungagihingwa zihagije zituma igihingwa nacyo kimera neza. Muri rusange, akamaro ko gupimisha ni kenshi. Ubutaka butandukanye mu miterere yabwo ni mu buhinzi kumenya Imiterere y’ubutaka (soil texture), ubuhehere bwabwo (soil moisture), n’imiterere y’imiti iri mu butaka aribyo umuhinzi ashingiraho agena ibihingwa bishobora kubuhingwaho n’umusaruro ushobora kuboneka.

Muri make
•    Gupimisha ubutaka bifasha gukurikirana buri gihe imiterere y’imiti iri butaka kugira ngo intungagihingwa zitagabanuka 
•    Gupimisha ubutaka bifasha umuhinzi kumenya amakuru y’ubutaka bwe akamenya nuko ategura amafaranga azashora mukugura inyongeramusaruro azakoresha mu buhinzi bwe 
•    Gupimisha ubutaka bifasha kumenya amakuru nyayo ku rugero rw’intungagihingwa n’ubushobozi bw’ubutaka bwo gutanga intungamubiri 
•     Gupimisha ubutaka bifasha kumenya intungamubiri ziri hasi cyane (zituma ibihingwa bibura ibyo bikenera) cyangwa ziri hejuru cyane (zishobora kuba uburozi ku bihingwa), bikaba byatera ibura rikabije ry’intungihingwa cyangwa uburozi mu bihingwa.

Serivisi dutanga
Laboratwari yo gusesengura no gupima ibigize ubutaka, ibihingwa n’amazi itanga serivisi z’ubushakashatsi bukorwa na RAB. Uretse gufasha abashakashatsi, iyi laboratwari ifasha abahinzi bato n’abanini bashaka kongera umusaruro wabo mu:

Gupima ubutaka: Ku bijyanye n’ubutaka, Laboratwari yo gupima ibigize ubutaka, amazi n’ibihingwa ifasha umuhinzi kumenya ubukomere bw’ubutaka (Bulk density), ubushobozi bwabwo bwo gufata amazi (Field capacity), urugero rw’ubukakare bw’ubutaka (Permanent wilting point), Uurgero ubutaka bunywaho amazi (Infiltration rate), ubushobozi bw’uduce duto bw’ubutaka dutuma Utwo dusenge bubika amazi n’umwuka bikenerwa n’imizi y’ibihingwa (Porosity), pH iri  mu mazi (pH Water), pH KCl, urugero rw’ubuhehere bw’ubutaka (Soil moisture content), azote yose mu butaka (Total Nitrogen), amoniyumu iri mu butaka (Soil ammonium),nibindi.

Gupima amazi: Mu mazi., Laboratwari ipima mo pH iyarimo, ubushobozi bw’amazi bwo gutemba, ubushobozi bwo gutwara amashanyarazi, urugero rwa sodiyumu ruri mu mazi, ubushobozi bwo kuyobora amashanyarazi (Conductivity), ubwijime cyangwa igipimo cy’umwanda uri mu mazi (Turbidity),  n’ibindi bintu cyangwa imyunyungugu itandukanye iyarimo.

Gusesengura ibigize igihingwa n’ibiryo by’amatungo bikozwe mu bisigazwa by’ibihingwa (forage): Laboratwari ipima urugero byumyeho, urugero rw’ubuhehere, ivu, ubukare( alkalinity), ibinyabutabire biri muri foraji, nibindi byinshi bitandukanye,

Gupima ifumbire mborera n’ishwagara: Laboratwari ipima ikigiro cy’imyunyu ngungu irimo N, Total P, K, Ca, Mg, S, Na, Cu, Zn, Mn, Fe, Al, ubuhehere, ubwiza n'indi myungu ngungu itandukanye igize ifumbire mborera n’ishwagara.